Building Single Page Application with AngularJS and Web API - Part 1

On this post, we will see the first part of building a simple single page CRUD application using AngularJs and Web API. The application will manage user registrations data. Complete source codes can be downloaded from here.

First we configure AngularJS routing for our views. See this post to learn more about AngularJS routing.

userApp.config(['$routeProvider',
function ($routeProvider) {
    $routeProvider
    .when('/', {
        templateUrl: 'Partials/home.html',   // this is the partial view for listing page
        controller: 'UserCtrl'
    })
    .when('/create', {
        templateUrl: 'Partials/create-edit.html',   // this is the partial view for creating user page
        controller: 'UserCtrl'
    })
    otherwise({
        redirectTo: '/'
    });
}]);

Create Functionality
Create the partial html page for creating a user.

<div>
  <span style="color:red" data-ng-show="error">An error has occured.</span>
</div>
<div>
  <label>First Name</label>
  <input type="text" data-ng-model="user.Firstname" />
</div>
<div>
  <label>Last Name</label>
  <input type="text" data-ng-model="user.Lastname" />
</div>
<div>
  <label>Organisation</label>
  <input type="text" data-ng-model="user.Organisation" />
</div>
<div>
  <label>Position</label>
  <input type="text" data-ng-model="user.Position" />
</div>
<div>
  <label>Email</label>
  <input type="text" data-ng-model="user.Email" />
</div>
<button data-ng-click="submit(user)">Save</button>

Note that there are some ng-model attributes on the input fields to instruct AngularJS to bind the value. The attributes were prefixed with 'data-' to be HTML5 compliant. ng-click attribute is also used to tell AngularJS to execute a function.

Then create our Web API method (this one is scaffoled by Visual Studio when creating a new controller):

// POST api/UserRegistration
[ResponseType(typeof(User))]
public async Task<IHttpActionResult> PostUser(User user)
{
  if (!ModelState.IsValid)
  {
    return BadRequest(ModelState);
  }

  db.Users.Add(user);
  await db.SaveChangesAsync();

  return CreatedAtRoute("DefaultApi", new { id = user.UserId }, user);
}

Now, we create our AngularJS custom service to call the Web API method:

userApp.factory('userService', ['$resource', function ($resource) {
    return {
        createUser: function (user) {
            return $resource('/api/UserRegistration').save(user);
        }
    }
}]);

Here AngularJS $resource service is used to interact with the Web API method. $resource service is useful for interacting with RESTful based services such as Web API. It is simpler to use than $http service. To use this service, ngResource module will need to be included as well in our application. In this JavaScript function, we call the save() method of the $resource service, passing user object as the argument. The service will invoke a HTTP POST call to the specified url.

Finally we create our AngularJS controller:

userApp.controller('UserCtrl', ['$scope', '$location', '$routeParams', 'userService', function ($scope, $location, $routeParams, userService) {
   
    $scope.submit = function (user) {
        $scope.error = false;        
        userService.createUser(user).$promise.then(
          //success
          function (data) { $location.url('/'); },
          //error
          function (response) { 
                         //console.log(response);
                         //console.log(response.status);
                         $scope.error = true }
        );        
    }
}]);

Here we create a submit function that calls the user service that we have just created. The submit function is called by the save button in our partial view through ng-click attribute.

Note that $promise is also used to determine what action to take if the service call is successful and if it has error. $promise is part of $resource service. If it is successful, $promise will return data object (similar to the one we passed to the service call). If it fails, it will return a HTTP response object. It might be useful to see the headers and status properties of the response object.

$scope.error variable is used to show an error message if an error has occurred. This variable is referred to by ng-show in our partial view.


Listing Functionality
We have already implemented the create user functionality, now let us do the listing function.

First, create the partial view.

<div>
    <span style="color:red" data-ng-show="error">An error has occured.</span>
</div>
<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>Firstname</th>
            <th>Lastname</th>
            <th>Email</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody ng-repeat="user in users">
        <tr>
            <td>{{ user.Firstname }}</td>
            <td>{{ user.Lastname }}</td>
            <td>{{ user.Email }}</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Then the Web API method:

// GET api/UserRegistration
public IQueryable<User> GetUsers()
{
  return db.Users;
}

Add our user service with this method:

getAllUsers: function () {
  return $resource('/api/UserRegistration').query();
}

Here we use the $resource service's query() method that will invoke a HTTP GET call.

Then add the following codes in our controller:

$scope.init = function () {
  // Get all users
  userService.getAllUsers().$promise.then(
    //success
    function (data) {
      $scope.users = data;
    },
    //error
    function (response) {
      //console.log(response);
      //console.log(response.status);
      $scope.error = true;
    }
  );
}

In the coming post, we will see the edit and delete functionality.